Single Factor Authentication

Single Factor Authentication (SFA) is an Authentication method where only one type of credential is required to verify a user’s identity, typically a password or PIN. SFA is the simplest form of Authentication but is also the least secure, as it relies on a single form of verification.

In SFA, users authenticate by providing one piece of information, such as a password, to gain access to systems, applications, or devices. This method contrasts with multi-factor Authentication, which requires additional verification steps to enhance security. SFA is common in many consumer-facing applications due to its simplicity and ease of use.

The primary reason for using SFA is convenience, as it requires minimal setup and is easy for users to remember. However, it provides limited security, as a single factor like a password can be easily compromised. While SFA is suitable for low-risk applications, it is generally insufficient for sensitive systems that need stronger security measures.

SFA is implemented by prompting users to enter a password or PIN when accessing an account or system. This credential is then checked against stored information to verify the user’s identity. If the information matches, access is granted. Many websites and systems rely on SFA, though they may offer multi-factor options for added security.

Examples of SFA include logging into email accounts, social media platforms, or basic website accounts using only a password. Banking systems and sensitive applications, however, generally require stronger Authentication methods, like 2FA or multi-factor Authentication, to reduce security risks.

SFA has notable security limitations, as it’s vulnerable to attacks like Phishing, brute force, and credential theft. Without an additional Authentication factor, compromised passwords can grant attackers full access to accounts. For this reason, organisations are encouraged to implement multi-factor Authentication wherever feasible to bolster security.